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Compulsory Purchase Orders Explained, With UK Examples

How the process works and what you're owed.

Compulsory Purchase Orders Explained, With UK Examples Real Estate Development & Planning

Updated October 2026 · Fraser Bond

Planning · CPO

Compulsory purchase explained

Processorder & inquiry
Compensationmarket value
Home losspayment
ExamplesHS2 & more
In short: A compulsory purchase order (CPO) lets public bodies, such as councils, Transport for London or HS2 Ltd, buy land for projects in the public interest, even if the owner doesn't want to sell. Owners can object, and a public inquiry may be held. Compensation is based on market value without the scheme, plus disturbance costs, and home owners can claim a home loss payment. Well-known schemes using compulsory powers include HS2, the London 2012 Olympic Park, Crossrail (the Elizabeth line) and estate regenerations. Take specialist advice early; acquiring authorities often pay reasonable professional fees.
ProjectWhy land was needed
HS2New rail line and stations
London 2012 Olympic ParkStratford regeneration
Crossrail / Elizabeth lineStations and tunnels
Estate regenerationsRebuilding housing estates

Examples

Frequently asked questions

Can I refuse a CPO?

You can object, but if confirmed, the land can be acquired.

What compensation will I get?

Market value plus disturbance and loss payments, where eligible.

Affected by a scheme?

Talk to our team or get a free valuation.

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